{"id":1834,"date":"2021-01-21T09:14:46","date_gmt":"2021-01-21T09:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopresovregion.sk\/home\/?p=1834"},"modified":"2021-01-25T10:40:55","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T10:40:55","slug":"komunitne-mapovanie-chybajuce-priestorove-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopresovregion.sk\/home\/2021\/01\/21\/komunitne-mapovanie-chybajuce-priestorove-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunitn\u00e9 mapovanie – Ch\u00fdbaj\u00face priestorov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa b\u00fdvania, kvality \u017eivota \u010di dostupnosti k z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a infra\u0161trukt\u00fare sa od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v popred\u00ed spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu najm\u00e4 v dobiehaj\u00facich eur\u00f3pskych regi\u00f3noch. Jedn\u00fdm z faktorov, ktor\u00e9 br\u00e1nia v dynamickom rozvoji niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov, miest \u010di obc\u00ed je problematick\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna a ekonomick\u00e1 integr\u00e1cia r\u00f3mskych komun\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlep\u0161enie soci\u00e1lnej a ekonomickej integr\u00e1cie r\u00f3mskych komun\u00edt je jedn\u00fdm z komponentov iniciat\u00edvy Eur\u00f3pskej komisie \u201eCatching-up Regions\u201c (CuRI) realizovanej v Pre\u0161ovskom samospr\u00e1vnom kraji (PSK) v spolupr\u00e1ci so Svetovou Bankou. Cie\u013eom komponentu je zadefinova\u0165 a navrhn\u00fa\u0165 integrovan\u00e9 programy rozvoja pilotne vybran\u00fdch obc\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa rie\u0161i\u0165 prioritn\u00e9 oblasti najm\u00e4 b\u00fdvanie, vzdel\u00e1vanie, zamestnanos\u0165, kvalita zdravia, pri\u010dom bud\u00fa zoh\u013eadnen\u00e9 aj prierezov\u00e9 t\u00e9my ako s\u00fa rovnos\u0165 pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, boj proti chudobe a predch\u00e1dzanie diskrimin\u00e1cii. Pre efekt\u00edvne plnenie aktiv\u00edt v tomto komponente, ale aj pre \u0161irok\u00fa verejnos\u0165 je potrebn\u00e9 a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 disponova\u0165 kvalitn\u00fdmi priestorov\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci uveden\u00e9ho komponentu CuRI odborn\u00ed zamestnanci Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho samospr\u00e1vneho kraja v spolupr\u00e1ci s Eur\u00f3pskou komisiou, Svetovou Bankou a expertmi a \u0161tudentmi Katedry geografie a aplikovanej geoinformatiky Pre\u0161ovskej univerzity v Pre\u0161ove (PU) uskuto\u010dnili v septembri 2020 ter\u00e9nne mapovanie budov a ich stavu v pilotn\u00fdch \u0161iestich obciach v r\u00e1mci iniciat\u00edvy \u201eCatching-up regions\u201c, ktor\u00e9 nadviazalo na mapathon z j\u00fana 2020. Cie\u013eom tejto aktivity bolo prostredn\u00edctvom met\u00f3dy kvalifikovan\u00e9ho odhadu z\u00edska\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 a aktu\u00e1lne d\u00e1ta o domovej a bytovej \u0161trukt\u00fare v obci, o kvalite ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch budov ako aj vytvori\u0165 konzistentn\u00e9 digit\u00e1lne mapy technickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary vybran\u00fdch obc\u00ed (\u010ci\u010dava, Dlh\u00e9 Str\u00e1\u017ee, Krivany, Ostrovany, Varadka a Varha\u0148ovce). Zozbieran\u00e9 \u00fadaje boli n\u00e1sledne digitalizovan\u00e9, spracovan\u00e9 do mapov\u00fdch v\u00fdstupov a implementovan\u00e9 do Pl\u00e1nov hospod\u00e1rskeho a soci\u00e1lneho rozvoja dan\u00fdch obc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proces mapovania<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pri stanoven\u00ed smerovania v\u00fdskumu sme vych\u00e1dzali z predpokladu, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00e9 mapovania a procesy (digitaliz\u00e1cia \u201cod stola\u201d \u010di be\u017en\u00e9 \u0161tatistick\u00e9 zis\u0165ovania) pri mana\u017emente krajiny nedok\u00e1\u017eu \u201csledova\u0165\u201d rozrastanie s\u00eddiel. Rovnako pretrv\u00e1va nedostatok aktu\u00e1lnych d\u00e1t v map\u00e1ch (budovy, infra\u0161trukt\u00fara a pod.), pr\u00edpadne aj nekompletnos\u0165 a konzistencia d\u00e1ta v popula\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161tatistik\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postupne sme po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch stretnut\u00ed spolu s l\u00eddrami komponentu CuRI navrhli met\u00f3dy zberu d\u00e1t v ter\u00e9ne a d\u00e1tov\u00fd model, ktor\u00fd sme spracovali v geografickom informa\u010dnom syst\u00e9me (GIS), pri\u010dom sme vyu\u017eili open source (vo\u013ene \u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fd a modifikovate\u013en\u00fd softv\u00e9r) a otvoren\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje QGIS pre pr\u00edpravu projektov, \u010di produkt INPUT vyvinut\u00fd medzin\u00e1rodnou open source spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou. Je to multiplatformn\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia pre smartf\u00f3ny ur\u010den\u00e1 na zber priestorov\u00fdch d\u00e1t v ter\u00e9ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prv\u00fdm krokom<\/em> bolo vytypovanie s\u00eddiel s marginalizovanou komunitou a porovnanie aktu\u00e1lnosti d\u00e1t Z\u00e1kladnej b\u00e1zy \u00fadajov GIS (ZB GIS) a OpenStreetMap (OSM). Pr\u00e1ve v tejto f\u00e1ze sme zistili, \u017ee datab\u00e1zy sa nezhoduj\u00fa. Ako platformu, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m poskytla jednoduch\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostredie pre digitaliz\u00e1ciou vstun\u00fdch d\u00e1t sme si vybrali pr\u00e1ve OSM (viac v \u010dl\u00e1nku Vyu\u017eitie d\u00e1t z OpenStreetMap pre tematick\u00fa mapu o turizme<\/a>). I\u0161lo o to, aby sme mohli zazna\u010di\u0165 budovy, ktor\u00e9 sa doposia\u013e nezobrazuj\u00fa v \u017eiadnej dostupnej mapovej slu\u017ebe. Pre porovnanie stavu pred mapovan\u00edm priklad\u00e1me nasleduj\u00face porovnanie stavu v OSM  oproti leteckej sn\u00edmke v obci Ostrovany:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Ostrovany<\/a>
Ostrovany v OSM 2020<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Ostrovany<\/a>
Ostrovany v leteckej sn\u00edmke GK\u00da 2019<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1sledne, ako druh\u00fd krok<\/em> sme organizovali tzv. mapathon (marat\u00f3n v mapovan\u00ed)\u00a0 Roma Settlements Mapathon na PSK<\/a>, ktor\u00fd sa uskuto\u010dnil 24. J\u00fana 2020 historicky prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t na p\u00f4de \u00daradu PSK. Aktivita sa uskuto\u010dnila na z\u00e1klade spolupr\u00e1ce PSK s UNIPO Mappers – vetva YouthMappers<\/a> na Pre\u0161ovskej univerzite a Svetovou bankou. Jedn\u00e1 sa o \u0161peci\u00e1lny workshop, na ktorom \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zaznamen\u00e1vali p\u00f4dorysy budov na z\u00e1klade vo\u013ene pr\u00edstupn\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmok a ukladali do verejnej datab\u00e1zy OSM spolu so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi atrib\u00fatmi. Konkr\u00e9tne bol vyu\u017eit\u00fd edita\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj \u201ciD editor\u201dintegrovan\u00fd v OSM spolu s pripojenou mapovou slu\u017ebou <\/a>(WMTS) leteck\u00e9ho sn\u00edmkovania s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm od Geodetick\u00e9ho a kartografick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (GK\u00da 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mapathon<\/a>
Mapathon na \u00darade PSK – j\u00fan 2020<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ter\u00e9nne mapovanie (tret\u00ed krok)<\/em> sme vykonali pomocou vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fdch open source technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. V ka\u017edej z obc\u00ed sme spolupracovali aspo\u0148 s jedn\u00fdm, vopred vytipovan\u00fdm, z\u00e1stupcom komunity – \u010di u\u017e i\u0161lo o \u010dlena miestnej ob\u010dianskej poriadkovej slu\u017eby, zamestnanca obecn\u00e9ho \u00faradu alebo priamo starostu. T\u00e1to spolupr\u00e1ca bola nevyhnutn\u00e1 jednak pre zabezpe\u010denie kvality zberu d\u00e1t (osoba znal\u00e1 miestnych pomerov vedela v \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch presnej\u0161ie definova\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 atrib\u00faty budov), ale tie\u017e pre dosiahnutie vy\u0161\u0161ej akcept\u00e1cie u ob\u010danov a vyhnutiu sa pr\u00edpadn\u00fdm konfliktn\u00fdm situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m s ob\u010danmi, s ktor\u00fdmi sme po\u010das ter\u00e9nneho zberu pri\u0161li do kontaktu. Po na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed prieskumn\u00fdch vrstiev, nastaven\u00ed formul\u00e1rov pre zber d\u00e1t a nastaven\u00ed mapov\u00fdch t\u00e9m sme synchronizovali d\u00e1ta na cloudove \u00falo\u017eisko (Mergin cloud), ktor\u00fd je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou rie\u0161enia mobilnej aplik\u00e1cie INPUT a je prepojen\u00fd priamo s pracovn\u00fdm prostred\u00edm QGISu. Takto sme docielili synchroniz\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t medzi mobilnou aplik\u00e1ciou a desktopom. Ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 sn\u00edmky mobiln\u00e9ho zariadenia zobrazuj\u00fa pr\u00edklad konkr\u00e9tneho zberu z\u00e1znamov o budov\u00e1ch po\u010das ter\u00e9nneho mapovania:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Jednotliv\u00e9<\/a>
Jednotliv\u00e9 zbery boli vykonan\u00e9 v priebehu septembra 2020 (aplik\u00e1cia INPUT)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Analytika a publikovanie d\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161etky d\u00e1ta s\u00fa verejne dostupn\u00e9 v D\u00e1tovom katal\u00f3gu<\/a> na Geoport\u00e1li Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kraja<\/a>, pri\u010dom v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pracujeme na publikovan\u00ed t\u00fdchto d\u00e1t v ur\u010ditom rozsahu aj do datab\u00e1zy OpenStreetMap. Pri ter\u00e9nnom mapovan\u00ed sme sa stretli s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi zisteniami, ako napr\u00edklad nes\u00falad s\u00fapisn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel domov s referen\u010dn\u00fdm registrom<\/strong>, \u010di s pomerne vysok\u00fdm podielom domov bez fas\u00e1d v niektor\u00fdch obciach. Rovnako ka\u0161tie\u013e v obci Krivany, ako v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 stavba, nebol zazna\u010den\u00fd v mapov\u00fdch podkladoch<\/strong>. Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou bol aj relat\u00edvne vysok\u00fd podiel striech s eternitom – ako stavebn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom s nepriazniv\u00fdm vplyvom na zdravie<\/strong> – napr. v obci Varha\u0148ovce bol tento podiel viac ako 23%<\/strong> zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch budov v obci, \u010do je pre obyvate\u013eov a vedenie obce varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, aby v bud\u00facnosti zv\u00e1\u017eili v\u00fdmenu t\u00fdchto striech a mo\u017enosti financovania tohto \u00fakonu treb\u00e1rs z eur\u00f3pskych zdrojov. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm alarmuj\u00facim zisten\u00edm je, \u017ee napr. v obci Ostrovany je pribli\u017ene ka\u017ed\u00e1 tretia obytn\u00e1 budova v nevyhovuj\u00facom stave<\/strong>, tzn. predstavuje budovu n\u00fadzov\u00e9ho b\u00fdvania. Posledn\u00fd pr\u00edklad zisten\u00ed, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzame v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku je zaznamenanie relat\u00edvne vysok\u00e9ho nes\u00faladu medzi d\u00e1tami ZB GIS a realitou v \u010ci\u010dave, Ostrovanoch a Varha\u0148ovciach. Napr. vo Varha\u0148ovciach sme v ter\u00e9ne zaznamenali o 39% viac budov, ako boli v j\u00fani 2019 zaznamenan\u00e9 v ZB GIS (v Ostrovanoch o 28%, v \u010ci\u010dave o 25% viac). Mo\u017eno sa len domnieva\u0165, \u017ee je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 pomerne vysok\u00fdm tempom rastu z\u00e1stavby v obci, \u010di nes\u00faladom s katastr\u00e1lnymi d\u00e1tami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Porovnanie<\/a>
Porovnanie budov ZBGIS 2019 a OSM 2020 – Varha\u0148ovce<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Hustota<\/a>
Hustota z\u00e1stavby obytn\u00fdch budov – Varha\u0148ovce<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010das tohto pilotn\u00e9ho projektu sme si osvojili inovat\u00edvne pracovn\u00e9 postupy a technol\u00f3gie pre zber a ukladanie nov\u00fdch d\u00e1t z leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmok a z ter\u00e9nu, ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdstupy boli implementovan\u00e9 do Pl\u00e1nov hospod\u00e1rskeho a soci\u00e1lneho rozvoja obc\u00ed<\/strong>. V bud\u00facnosti pl\u00e1nujeme tieto postupy aplikova\u0165 pr\u00edpadne na \u010fal\u0161ie obce, alebo na in\u00e9 tematick\u00e9 oblasti, ako je napr\u00edklad infra\u0161trukt\u00fara cestovn\u00e9ho ruchu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa b\u00fdvania, kvality \u017eivota \u010di dostupnosti k z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a infra\u0161trukt\u00fare sa od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v popred\u00ed spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu najm\u00e4 v dobiehaj\u00facich eur\u00f3pskych regi\u00f3noch. Jedn\u00fdm z faktorov, ktor\u00e9 br\u00e1nia v dynamickom rozvoji niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov, miest \u010di obc\u00ed je problematick\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna a ekonomick\u00e1 integr\u00e1cia r\u00f3mskych komun\u00edt. Zlep\u0161enie soci\u00e1lnej a ekonomickej […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1852,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"yes"},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKomunitn\u00e9 mapovanie - Ch\u00fdbaj\u00face priestorov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta - Geoport\u00e1l Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kraja<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geopresovregion.sk\/home\/2021\/01\/21\/komunitne-mapovanie-chybajuce-priestorove-data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Komunitn\u00e9 mapovanie - Ch\u00fdbaj\u00face priestorov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta - Geoport\u00e1l Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kraja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa b\u00fdvania, kvality \u017eivota \u010di dostupnosti k z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a infra\u0161trukt\u00fare sa od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v popred\u00ed spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu najm\u00e4 v dobiehaj\u00facich eur\u00f3pskych regi\u00f3noch. Jedn\u00fdm z faktorov, ktor\u00e9 br\u00e1nia v dynamickom rozvoji niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov, miest \u010di obc\u00ed je problematick\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna a ekonomick\u00e1 integr\u00e1cia r\u00f3mskych komun\u00edt. 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