{"id":1177,"date":"2020-05-03T13:01:05","date_gmt":"2020-05-03T13:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopresovregion.sk\/home\/?p=1177"},"modified":"2021-01-12T08:18:38","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T08:18:38","slug":"vyuzitie-dat-z-openstreetmap-pre-tematicku-mapu-o-turizme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopresovregion.sk\/home\/2020\/05\/03\/vyuzitie-dat-z-openstreetmap-pre-tematicku-mapu-o-turizme\/","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eitie d\u00e1t z OpenStreetMap pre tematick\u00fa mapu o turizme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 etapa v\u00fdvoja webu od roku 2004, kedy bol pevn\u00fd obsah webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok nahraden\u00fd priestorom pre zdie\u013ean\u00fa a spolo\u010dn\u00fa tvorbu obsahu, zmenila poh\u013ead, ak\u00fdm sa na web pozer\u00e1me a ako ho tvor\u00edme. Pr\u00edchod novej gener\u00e1cie slu\u017eieb umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facej jednoduch\u00e9 zdie\u013eanie, sp\u00e1janie, vytv\u00e1ranie siet\u00ed a rozli\u010dn\u00fdch platforiem, kde sa \u013eudia dok\u00e1\u017eu organizova\u0165 nov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom a pri n\u00edzkych n\u00e1kladoch, sp\u00f4sobila rozmach blogov, wiki str\u00e1nok, chatov \u010di soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed. Obsah generovan\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi predstavuje cenn\u00fd zdroj zachyt\u00e1vania r\u00f4znych aspektov n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivota a s pr\u00edchodom dobrovo\u013en\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed (z angl. volunteered geographic information<\/em>) m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii \u010doraz relevantnej\u0161\u00ed obsah generovan\u00fd pr\u00e1ve samotn\u00fdmi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi. Asi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161iu snahu o priestorov\u00fd crowdsourcing<\/em> (v zmysle met\u00f3dy z\u00edskavania d\u00e1t od komunity) predstavuje projekt OpenStreetMap (OSM), hovorovo naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj ako wikip\u00e9dia medzi mapami, ktor\u00fd priniesol revol\u00faciu v zhroma\u017e\u010fovan\u00ed priestorov\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"
Hlavn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka projektu OSM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do vznikol projekt OSM?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Hist\u00f3ria projektu\nOSM siaha do roku 2004, kedy ho zalo\u017eil britsk\u00fd podnikate\u013e Steve Coast so\nz\u00e1merom vytvori\u0165 slobodn\u00fa digit\u00e1lnu mapu sveta postaven\u00fa na princ\u00edpoch\nkolekt\u00edvnej spolupr\u00e1ce a koncepcii otvoren\u00e9ho\nsoftv\u00e9ru<\/a>. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom projektu je tvorba a poskytovanie vo\u013ene\ndostupn\u00fdch a vo\u013ene pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch d\u00e1t a ich vizualiz\u00e1cia do podoby\nm\u00e1p (ako napr. mapy cestnej siete, turistick\u00e9 mapy, cyklomapy a navigovanie v\nnich). Hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom vzniku projektu bol fakt, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mapov\u00fdch d\u00e1t sveta,\nktor\u00e9 sa zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 vo\u013ene dostupn\u00e9, maj\u00fa v skuto\u010dnosti pr\u00e1vne alebo technick\u00e9\nobmedzenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa ich pou\u017eitia, \u010d\u00edm neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tieto \u00fadaje\nkreat\u00edvnym, produkt\u00edvnym alebo in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. D\u00e1tov\u00e9 podklady OSM s\u00fa\nposkytovan\u00e9 pod licenciou Open\nDatabase License (ODbL)<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vo\u013en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie d\u00e1t pod podmienkou citovania a\nzachovania rovnak\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako to funguje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Projekt OSM\numo\u017e\u0148uje jednoduch\u00fa edit\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t, ukladanie kompletnej hist\u00f3rie vykonan\u00fdch\nzmien a spr\u00edstup\u0148ovanie v\u00fdsledkov pr\u00e1ce verejnosti. Pre samotn\u00fa tvorbu geod\u00e1t\nsa ako podklad vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1znamy z GPS prij\u00edma\u010dov, satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky alebo in\u00e9\nspravidla digitalizovan\u00e9 mapy, ktor\u00e9 ale musia by\u0165 licen\u010dne kompatibiln\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1\nprojekt vy\u0161e 6 mili\u00f3nov registrovan\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov (pozn. Na prispievanie do\nprojektu OSM je potrebn\u00e9 si na ofici\u00e1lnej str\u00e1nke projektu najsk\u00f4r vytvori\u0165 \u00fa\u010det<\/a>). Komunita OSM je\nve\u013emi rozmanit\u00e1 a neust\u00e1le rastie. Medzi prispievate\u013emi OSM sa okrem samotn\u00fdch\nnad\u0161encov mapovania n\u00e1jdu aj profesion\u00e1lni kartografi, GIS \u0161pecialisti,\nin\u017einieri, humanit\u00e1rni pracovn\u00edci, lek\u00e1ri \u010di be\u017en\u00ed ob\u010dania. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00fdsledkom pr\u00e1ce\njednotliv\u00fdch “mapperov” nie je grafick\u00e1 mapa v papierovej \u010di\nelektronickej podobe. Prispievatelia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa len d\u00e1ta (inform\u00e1cie) o\njednotliv\u00fdch objektoch (cesty, chodn\u00edky, budovy a pod.) a vz\u0165ahy medzi nimi\n(napr. turistick\u00fd chodn\u00edk je tvoren\u00fd viacer\u00fdmi lesn\u00fdmi \u010di asfaltov\u00fdmi cestami a\npod). V\u0161etky tieto inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa n\u00e1sledne ulo\u017een\u00e9 do jednej obrovskej datab\u00e1zy\nna serveroch projektu OSM, na z\u00e1klade ktorej sa m\u00f4\u017ee vygenerova\u0165 grafick\u00e1\npodoba mapy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako vznik\u00e1 mapa?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Mapper-prispievate\u013e\ndo OSM prirad\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu objektu sadu vlastnost\u00ed. Vlastnos\u0165ami m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr.\nn\u00e1zov objektu, typ objektu, popis a mno\u017estvo in\u00fdch. Na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto\ninform\u00e1ci\u00ed je potom mo\u017en\u00e9 vygenerova\u0165 grafick\u00fa mapu. Generovanie mapy (tzv.\nrendering) je pomerne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na \u010das aj v\u00fdkon po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, preto vzniklo mno\u017estvo\nsamostatn\u00fdch projektov, ktor\u00e9 preberaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o objektoch z OSM a na ich\nz\u00e1klade renderuj\u00fa mapu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Vzh\u013eadom na\nobrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o objektoch v OSM datab\u00e1ze nie je mo\u017en\u00e9\nvygenerova\u0165 mapu, ktor\u00e1 by obsahovala v\u0161etky detaily s\u00fa\u010dasne. Mapy sa preto\ngeneruj\u00fa na konkr\u00e9tne pou\u017eitie, napr. turistick\u00e9, cyklistick\u00e9, verejn\u00e1 doprava\na pod. Pri ka\u017edej mape sa pritom pou\u017eij\u00fa len tie objekty a ich vlastnosti,\nktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pre dan\u00fa mapu v\u00fdznam (napr. nem\u00e1 v\u00fdznam generova\u0165 turistick\u00e9 zna\u010dky\npre mapu verejnej dopravy). Tak\u00e9to\nmapy je potom mo\u017en\u00e9 prezera\u0165 na str\u00e1nkach jednotliv\u00fdch projektov (napr.   OpenCycleMap<\/a>,\nFreemapSlovakia<\/a> a mno\u017estvo in\u00fdch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Aktu\u00e1lne pokrytie\nmapy OSM je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 na http:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org<\/a> (angl.) a viac\ninform\u00e1ci\u00ed o projekte na http:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org<\/a> (angl.). Mapov\u00fd\nport\u00e1l FreemapSlovakia<\/a> zdru\u017euje slovensk\u00fa komunitu OSM. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1 sa na OSM d\u00e1ta spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Podstata tvorby\nmapy “wiki \u0161t\u00fdlom” s\u00edce neumo\u017e\u0148uje garantova\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek presnos\u0165\nmapy, je ale v z\u00e1ujme ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea ma\u0165 presn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta. Pokia\u013e nejak\u00fd\nprispievate\u013e vlo\u017e\u00ed nepresn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, \u010di u\u017e omylom alebo z\u00e1merne, zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 99,9%\npou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov ich m\u00f4\u017ee skontrolova\u0165, opravi\u0165 alebo vymaza\u0165. Drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina\nprispievate\u013eov s dobr\u00fdmi \u00famyslami tak m\u00f4\u017ee automaticky opravi\u0165 t\u00fdchto p\u00e1r\nprobl\u00e9mov\u00fdch. Pri ka\u017edom pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi je z\u00e1rove\u0148 k dispoz\u00edcii cel\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria\njeho edit\u00e1cie a na hlavnej str\u00e1nke projektu existuje taktie\u017e z\u00e1lo\u017eka Hist\u00f3ria<\/em>,\nktor\u00e1 zobrazuje posledn\u00e9 zmeny vo zvolenej oblasti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako vyu\u017ei\u0165 OSM d\u00e1ta?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          OSM d\u00e1ta tvoria\nrozsiahlu vektorov\u00fa mapov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017ee upravova\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 tak\nnapr. r\u00f4zne mapov\u00e9 vzh\u013eady \u010di naviga\u010dn\u00fd softv\u00e9r. OSM d\u00e1ta je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165\nr\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi, na in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu uv\u00e1dzame bohat\u00fa gal\u00e9riu<\/a> vyu\u017eitia OSM d\u00e1t\nv \u010desk\u00fdch projektoch v r\u00e1mci \u010deskej komunity OSM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Pr\u00edklady r\u00f4zneho vyu\u017eitia OSM d\u00e1t v \u010cR <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1ta z OSM sme vyu\u017eili pri tvorbe t\u00e9matickej mapy Turistika a cestovn\u00fd ruch<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 zobrazuje turistick\u00e9 atrakcie a body z\u00e1ujmu r\u00f4zneho typu, turistick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru a \u0161tatistiky cestovn\u00e9ho ruchu. Prim\u00e1rnym u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom\/prij\u00edmate\u013eom s\u00fa obyvatelia a n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci kraja h\u013eadaj\u00faci inform\u00e1cie o mo\u017enostiach turistick\u00e9ho vy\u017eitia v regi\u00f3ne. Hlavn\u00fdm d\u00e1tov\u00fdm zdrojom pre turistick\u00e9 atrakcie boli pr\u00e1ve d\u00e1ta OSM, ktor\u00e9  komunita prispievate\u013eov nahrala do datab\u00e1zy. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi vlastn\u00edkmi d\u00e1t (zdroje) zobrazen\u00fdch v mape s\u00fa Pre\u0161ovsk\u00fd samospr\u00e1vny kraj, \u0160tatistick\u00fd \u00darad SR, Krajsk\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia cestovn\u00e9ho ruchu Severov\u00fdchod Slovenska a Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e1 univerzita. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na z\u00e1ver<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          OSM je slobodn\u00e1 editovate\u013en\u00e1\nmapa cel\u00e9ho sveta, ktor\u00e1 je vytv\u00e1ran\u00e1 \u013eu\u010fmi, ak\u00fdmi ste aj vy. Datab\u00e1za bude\nv\u017edy obsahova\u0165 nejak\u00e9 rozmary, experimenty a omyly komunity. To je ale z\u00e1rove\u0148\naj hlavnou v\u00fdhodou OSM, preto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby sa t\u00e1to datab\u00e1za r\u00fdchlo\nprisp\u00f4sobovala zmen\u00e1m re\u00e1lneho sveta a jeho aktu\u00e1lnym dopytom. Nebrzdia ju\nr\u00f4zne legislat\u00edvne obmedzenia \u010di prie\u0165ahy sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nepru\u017enos\u0165ou normat\u00edvnych\nsyst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/stats\/data_stats.html\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttp:\/\/wiki.freemap.sk\/OpenStreetMap\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/Sk:WikiProjekt_Slovensko\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/openstreetmap.cz\/galerie\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 etapa v\u00fdvoja webu od roku 2004, kedy bol pevn\u00fd obsah webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok nahraden\u00fd priestorom pre zdie\u013ean\u00fa a spolo\u010dn\u00fa tvorbu obsahu, zmenila poh\u013ead, ak\u00fdm sa na web pozer\u00e1me a ako ho tvor\u00edme. Pr\u00edchod novej gener\u00e1cie slu\u017eieb umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facej jednoduch\u00e9 zdie\u013eanie, sp\u00e1janie, vytv\u00e1ranie siet\u00ed a rozli\u010dn\u00fdch platforiem, kde sa \u013eudia dok\u00e1\u017eu organizova\u0165 nov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom a pri n\u00edzkych […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1185,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"yes"},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nVyu\u017eitie d\u00e1t z OpenStreetMap pre tematick\u00fa mapu o turizme - Geoport\u00e1l Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kraja<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geopresovregion.sk\/home\/2020\/05\/03\/vyuzitie-dat-z-openstreetmap-pre-tematicku-mapu-o-turizme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vyu\u017eitie d\u00e1t z OpenStreetMap pre tematick\u00fa mapu o turizme - Geoport\u00e1l Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kraja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nov\u00e1 etapa v\u00fdvoja webu od roku 2004, kedy bol pevn\u00fd obsah webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok nahraden\u00fd priestorom pre zdie\u013ean\u00fa a spolo\u010dn\u00fa tvorbu obsahu, zmenila poh\u013ead, ak\u00fdm sa na web pozer\u00e1me a ako ho tvor\u00edme. 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